Multi-Player Games with LDL Goals over Finite Traces
This work addresses the verification of equilibria in multi-agent systems with logical goals, representing an incremental advancement in logic-based game models.
The paper tackles the problem of characterizing and verifying equilibria in multi-player games where players' goals are expressed using Linear Dynamic Logic on finite traces (LDLf), showing that the set of Nash equilibria is regular and providing complexity results for automata constructions.
Linear Dynamic Logic on finite traces LDLf is a powerful logic for reasoning about the behaviour of concurrent and multi-agent systems. In this paper, we investigate techniques for both the characterisation and verification of equilibria in multi-player games with goals/objectives expressed using logics based on LDLf. This study builds upon a generalisation of Boolean games, a logic-based game model of multi-agent systems where players have goals succinctly represented in a logical way. Because LDLf goals are considered, in the settings we study -- Reactive Modules games and iterated Boolean games with goals over finite traces -- players' goals can be defined to be regular properties while achieved in a finite, but arbitrarily large, trace. In particular, using alternating automata, the paper investigates automata-theoretic approaches to the characterisation and verification of (pure strategy Nash) equilibria, shows that the set of Nash equilibria in multi-player games with LDLf objectives is regular, and provides complexity results for the associated automata constructions.