Coverage-Based Debloating for Java Bytecode
This addresses performance, security, and maintenance issues for Java developers by providing an automated debloating technique, though it is incremental as it builds on existing coverage tools.
The paper tackles software bloat in Java applications by introducing coverage-based debloating, which removes unused code based on workload coverage, resulting in removal of 68.3% of library bytecode and 20.3% of dependencies while maintaining functionality for 81.5% of client projects.
Software bloat is code that is packaged in an application but is actually not necessary to run the application. The presence of software bloat is an issue for security, for performance, and for maintenance. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for debloating, which we call coverage-based debloating. We implement the technique for one single language: Java bytecode. We leverage a combination of state-of-the-art Java bytecode coverage tools to precisely capture what parts of a project and its dependencies are used when running with a specific workload. Then, we automatically remove the parts that are not covered, in order to generate a debloated version of the project. We succeed to debloat 211 library versions from a dataset of 94 unique open-source Java libraries. The debloated versions are syntactically correct and preserve their original behavior according to the workload. Our results indicate that 68.3% of the libraries' bytecode and 20.3% of their total dependencies can be removed through coverage-based debloating. For the first time in the literature on software debloating, we assess the utility of debloated libraries with respect to client applications that reuse them. We select 988 client projects that either have a direct reference to the debloated library in their source code or which test suite covers at least one class of the libraries that we debloat. Our results show that 81.5% of the clients, with at least one test that uses the library, successfully compile and pass their test suite when the original library is replaced by its debloated version.