Explanation of Unintended Radiated Emission Classification via LIME
This work addresses device identification in power engineering and control systems, but is incremental as it applies existing methods (ResNet-18 and LIME) to a new dataset.
The researchers tackled the problem of identifying unintended radiated emissions from electronic devices by applying a ResNet-18 neural network to classify 18 device classes and background with nearly 100% accuracy, and used LIME to determine the frequency bands used for decisions, enhancing network trainability, trustability, and transferability.
Unintended radiated emissions arise during the use of electronic devices. Identifying and mitigating the effects of these emissions is a key element of modern power engineering and associated control systems. Signal processing of the electrical system can identify the sources of these emissions. A dataset known as Flaming Moes includes captured unintended radiated emissions from consumer electronics. This dataset was analyzed to construct next-generation methods for device identification. To this end, a neural network based on applying the ResNet-18 image classification architecture to the short time Fourier transforms of short segments of voltage signatures was constructed. Using this classifier, the 18 device classes and background class were identified with close to 100 percent accuracy. By applying LIME to this classifier and aggregating the results over many classifications for the same device, it was possible to determine the frequency bands used by the classifier to make decisions. Using ensembles of classifiers trained on very similar datasets from the same parent data distribution, it was possible to recover robust sets of features of device output useful for identification. The additional understanding provided by the application of LIME enhances the trainability, trustability, and transferability of URE analysis networks.