Dark Patterns and the Legal Requirements of Consent Banners: An Interaction Criticism Perspective
This work addresses the challenge of improving consent banner design for users and policymakers by bridging gaps between HCI, legal, and ethical fields, though it is incremental in its transdisciplinary approach.
The paper tackles the problem of analyzing consent banners by integrating multiple disciplinary perspectives, using dark patterns to perform an interaction criticism that reveals tensions and synergies in their design.
User engagement with data privacy and security through consent banners has become a ubiquitous part of interacting with internet services. While previous work has addressed consent banners from either interaction design, legal, and ethics-focused perspectives, little research addresses the connections among multiple disciplinary approaches, including tensions and opportunities that transcend disciplinary boundaries. In this paper, we draw together perspectives and commentary from HCI, design, privacy and data protection, and legal research communities, using the language and strategies of "dark patterns" to perform an interaction criticism reading of three different types of consent banners. Our analysis builds upon designer, interface, user, and social context lenses to raise tensions and synergies that arise together in complex, contingent, and conflicting ways in the act of designing consent banners. We conclude with opportunities for transdisciplinary dialogue across legal, ethical, computer science, and interactive systems scholarship to translate matters of ethical concern into public policy.