Block Chain and Internet of Nano-Things for Optimizing Chemical Sensing in Smart Farming
This addresses data reliability and compliance issues for farmers and agricultural stakeholders, but it is incremental as it combines existing technologies like blockchain and IoT/IoNT in a new application.
The study tackled the problem of data security and transparency in chemical sensing for smart farming by proposing a blockchain-powered Internet of Nano Things system, achieving over 90% accuracy in detecting chemicals with a distributed approach compared to less than 80% for a centralized method.
The use of Internet of Things (IoT) with the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) can further expand decision making systems (DMS) to improve reliability as it provides a new spectrum of more granular level data to make decisions. However, growing concerns such as data security, transparency and processing capability challenge their use in real-world applications. DMS integrated with Block Chain (BC) technology can contribute immensely to overcome such challenges. The use of IoNT and IoT along with BC for making DMS has not yet been investigated. This study proposes a BC-powered IoNT (BC-IoNT) system for sensing chemicals level in the context of farm management. This is a critical application for smart farming, which aims to improve sustainable farm practices through controlled delivery of chemicals. BC-IoNT system includes a novel machine learning model formed by using the Langmuir molecular binding model and the Bayesian theory, and is used as a smart contract for sensing the level of the chemicals. A credit model is used to quantify the traceability and credibility of farms to determine if they are compliant with the chemical standards. The accuracy of detecting the chemicals of the distributed BC-IoNT approach was >90% and the centralized approach was <80%. Also, the efficiency of sensing the level of chemicals depends on the sampling frequency and variability in chemical level among farms.