An authenticated and secure accounting system for international emissions trading
This study addresses the problem of trustworthy emissions accounting for multi-country emissions trading systems, which is crucial for achieving climate targets, by proposing a method to handle sensitive data securely.
This paper proposes a cryptographic framework to enable an authenticated and secure emissions accounting system for multi-country emissions trading. It demonstrates that integrating cryptographic protocols can preserve data authenticity and security, addressing the dilemma of sensitive national security data from large utilities.
Expanding multi-country emissions trading system is considered as crucial to fill the existing mitigation gap for the 2\degree C climate target. Trustworthy emissions accounting is the cornerstone of such a system encompassing different jurisdictions. However, traditional emissions measuring, reporting, and verification practices that support data authenticity might not be applicable as detailed data from large utilities and production facilities to be covered in the multi-country emissions trading system are usually highly sensitive and of severe national security concern. In this study, we propose a cryptographic framework for an authenticated and secure emissions accounting system that can resolve this data dilemma. We demonstrate that integrating a sequence of cryptographic protocols can preserve data authenticity and security for a stylized multi-country emissions trading system. We call for more research to promote applications of modern cryptography in future international climate governance to build trust and strengthen collaboration.