Blockchain Gateways, Bridges and Delegated Hash-Locks
This work addresses the challenge of interoperability between private/permissioned blockchain systems, which is a significant problem for organizations needing to move assets across such networks.
This paper explores blockchain gateways for interoperability between different blockchain systems, particularly focusing on private/permissioned blockchains with inaccessible ledgers. It proposes two design principles: opaque ledgers and externalization of value, and outlines a unidirectional asset movement protocol.
In the current work we discuss the notion of gateways as a means for interoperability across different blockchain systems. We discuss two key principles for the design of gateway nodes and scalable gateway protocols, namely (i) the opaque ledgers principle as the analogue of the autonomous systems principle in IP datagram routing, and (ii) the externalization of value principle as the analogue of the end-to-end principle in the Internet architecture. We illustrate the need for a standard gateway protocol by describing a unidirectional asset movement protocol between two peer gateways, under the strict condition of both blockchains being private/permissioned with their ledgers inaccessible to external entities. Several aspects of gateways and the gateway protocol is discussed, including gateway identities, gateway certificates and certificate hierarchies, passive locking transactions by gateways, and the potential use of delegated hash-locks to expand the functionality of gateways.