Enhancing Human-Machine Teaming for Medical Prognosis Through Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs)
This work is significant for medical professionals and AI developers, aiming to improve the acceptability and collaboration of AI in medical prognosis by making ML predictions more intuitive and explainable, which is an incremental step in human-AI teaming.
This paper addresses the challenge of technology acceptance for machine learning in medical prognoses by proposing a novel architecture, Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs). The authors argue that current ML models struggle to explain correct predictions and incorporate human intuition, and their NODE-based approach aims to improve human understanding and collaboration by prioritizing human cognitive intuition and offering prediction distributions.
Machine Learning (ML) has recently been demonstrated to rival expert-level human accuracy in prediction and detection tasks in a variety of domains, including medicine. Despite these impressive findings, however, a key barrier to the full realization of ML's potential in medical prognoses is technology acceptance. Recent efforts to produce explainable AI (XAI) have made progress in improving the interpretability of some ML models, but these efforts suffer from limitations intrinsic to their design: they work best at identifying why a system fails, but do poorly at explaining when and why a model's prediction is correct. We posit that the acceptability of ML predictions in expert domains is limited by two key factors: the machine's horizon of prediction that extends beyond human capability, and the inability for machine predictions to incorporate human intuition into their models. We propose the use of a novel ML architecture, Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) to enhance human understanding and encourage acceptability. Our approach prioritizes human cognitive intuition at the center of the algorithm design, and offers a distribution of predictions rather than single outputs. We explain how this approach may significantly improve human-machine collaboration in prediction tasks in expert domains such as medical prognoses. We propose a model and demonstrate, by expanding a concrete example from the literature, how our model advances the vision of future hybrid Human-AI systems.