DOVE: A Data-Oblivious Virtual Environment
This addresses security risks for users of high-level languages in sensitive applications, though it is incremental as it builds on existing TEE and data-oblivious techniques.
The paper tackles the problem of microarchitectural side-channel vulnerabilities in high-level programming languages like R when using Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) for secure remote communications, by introducing DOVE, a data-oblivious virtual environment that instruments R to produce side-channel resistant transcripts, resulting in the first side-channel resistant R stack with practical performance and high security assurances.
Users can improve the security of remote communications by using Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to protect against direct introspection and tampering of sensitive data. This can even be done with applications coded in high-level languages with complex programming stacks such as R, Python, and Ruby. However, this creates a trade-off between programming convenience versus the risk of attacks using microarchitectural side channels. In this paper, we argue that it is possible to address this problem for important applications by instrumenting a complex programming environment (like R) to produce a Data-Oblivious Transcript (DOT) that is explicitly designed to support computation that excludes side channels. Such a transcript is then evaluated on a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) containing the sensitive data using a small trusted computing base called the Data-Oblivious Virtual Environment (DOVE). To motivate the problem, we demonstrate a number of subtle side-channel vulnerabilities in the R language. We then provide an illustrative design and implementation of DOVE for R, creating the first side-channel resistant R programming stack. We demonstrate that the two-phase architecture provided by DOT generation and DOVE evaluation can provide practical support for complex programming languages with usable performance and high security assurances against side channels.