Detecting Racial Bias in Jury Selection
This work addresses racial bias in the legal system, specifically for jury selection, but is incremental as it builds on existing statistical methods with improved techniques.
The researchers tackled the problem of detecting racial bias in jury selection by applying optimal feature selection and classification trees to historical court data, finding significant evidence of racial bias and identifying specific subgroups with disparities in strike rates.
To support the 2019 U.S. Supreme Court case "Flowers v. Mississippi", APM Reports collated historical court records to assess whether the State exhibited a racial bias in striking potential jurors. This analysis used backward stepwise logistic regression to conclude that race was a significant factor, however this method for selecting relevant features is only a heuristic, and additionally cannot consider interactions between features. We apply Optimal Feature Selection to identify the globally-optimal subset of features and affirm that there is significant evidence of racial bias in the strike decisions. We also use Optimal Classification Trees to segment the juror population subgroups with similar characteristics and probability of being struck, and find that three of these subgroups exhibit significant racial disparity in strike rate, pinpointing specific areas of bias in the dataset.