Multi-server Blind Quantum Computation Protocol With Limited Classical Communication Among Servers
This work addresses the need for secure quantum cloud computing for users without quantum resources, though it is incremental as it builds on existing two-server protocols.
The authors tackled the problem of secure quantum computation delegation by extending a two-server blind protocol to multiple servers, achieving security even when servers communicate after computation using dummy gates and brickwork state circuits.
A user who does not have a quantum computer but wants to perform quantum computations may delegate his computation to a quantum cloud server. In order that the delegation works, it must be assured that no evil server can obtain any important information on the computation. The blind protocol was proposed as a way for the user to protect his information from the unauthorized actions of the server. Among the blind protocols proposed thus far, a protocol with two servers sharing entanglement, while it does not require to a user any quantum resource, does not allow the servers to communicate even after the computation. In this paper, we propose a protocol, by extend this two-server protocol to multiple servers, which remains secure even if some servers communicate with each other after the computation. Dummy gates and a circuit modeled after brickwork states play a crucial role in the new protocol.