LightChain: Scalable DHT-Based Blockchain
This addresses scalability and fairness problems for blockchain applications like cryptocurrency and IoT, representing a novel architectural approach rather than an incremental improvement.
The authors tackled blockchain scalability and decentralization issues by proposing LightChain, a permissionless blockchain architecture operating over a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) that reduces per-node storage by 66 times and speeds up node bootstrapping by 380 times compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum.
As an append-only distributed database, blockchain is utilized in a vast variety of applications including the cryptocurrency and Internet-of-Things (IoT). The existing blockchain solutions show downsides in communication and storage scalability, as well as decentralization. In this article, we propose LightChain , which is the first blockchain architecture that operates over a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) of participating peers. LightChain is a permissionless blockchain that provides addressable blocks and transactions within the network, which makes them efficiently accessible by all peers. Each block and transaction is replicated within the DHT of peers and is retrieved in an on-demand manner. Hence, peers in LightChain are not required to retrieve or keep the entire ledger. LightChain is fair as all of the participating peers have a uniform chance of being involved in the consensus regardless of their influence such as hashing power or stake. We provide formal mathematical analysis and experimental results (simulations and cloud deployment) to demonstrate the security, efficiency, and fairness of LightChain , and show that LightChain is the only existing blockchain that can provide integrity under the corrupted majority power of peers. As we experimentally demonstrate, compared to the mainstream blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, LightChain requires around 66 times smaller per node storage, and is around 380 times faster on bootstrapping a new node to the system, and each LightChain node is rewarded equally likely for participating in the protocol.