Benchmarking Multimodal AutoML for Tabular Data with Text Fields
This work addresses the need for practical AutoML solutions in business applications with mixed data types, though it is incremental as it builds on existing methods for multimodal learning.
The authors tackled the problem of automated supervised learning for multimodal data tables containing numeric, categorical, and text fields by creating a benchmark of 18 real-world datasets and evaluating various pipelines. Their best automated method, which combined a multimodal Transformer with tree models, achieved top rankings in two MachineHack competitions and second place in a Kaggle challenge.
We consider the use of automated supervised learning systems for data tables that not only contain numeric/categorical columns, but one or more text fields as well. Here we assemble 18 multimodal data tables that each contain some text fields and stem from a real business application. Our publicly-available benchmark enables researchers to comprehensively evaluate their own methods for supervised learning with numeric, categorical, and text features. To ensure that any single modeling strategy which performs well over all 18 datasets will serve as a practical foundation for multimodal text/tabular AutoML, the diverse datasets in our benchmark vary greatly in: sample size, problem types (a mix of classification and regression tasks), number of features (with the number of text columns ranging from 1 to 28 between datasets), as well as how the predictive signal is decomposed between text vs. numeric/categorical features (and predictive interactions thereof). Over this benchmark, we evaluate various straightforward pipelines to model such data, including standard two-stage approaches where NLP is used to featurize the text such that AutoML for tabular data can then be applied. Compared with human data science teams, the fully automated methodology that performed best on our benchmark (stack ensembling a multimodal Transformer with various tree models) also manages to rank 1st place when fit to the raw text/tabular data in two MachineHack prediction competitions and 2nd place (out of 2380 teams) in Kaggle's Mercari Price Suggestion Challenge.