Interpretable ECG classification via a query-based latent space traversal (qLST)
This addresses the need for interpretability in ECG analysis to aid medical practitioners, though it is an incremental advance over existing saliency-based methods.
The paper tackles the problem of interpreting black-box deep neural networks for ECG classification by introducing qLST, a query-based latent space traversal technique that generates explanatory ECGs, demonstrating its ability to explain various classifiers using a dataset of over 800,000 ECGs annotated for 28 diseases.
Electrocardiography (ECG) is an effective and non-invasive diagnostic tool that measures the electrical activity of the heart. Interpretation of ECG signals to detect various abnormalities is a challenging task that requires expertise. Recently, the use of deep neural networks for ECG classification to aid medical practitioners has become popular, but their black box nature hampers clinical implementation. Several saliency-based interpretability techniques have been proposed, but they only indicate the location of important features and not the actual features. We present a novel interpretability technique called qLST, a query-based latent space traversal technique that is able to provide explanations for any ECG classification model. With qLST, we train a neural network that learns to traverse in the latent space of a variational autoencoder trained on a large university hospital dataset with over 800,000 ECGs annotated for 28 diseases. We demonstrate through experiments that we can explain different black box classifiers by generating ECGs through these traversals.