Pixelated Butterfly: Simple and Efficient Sparse training for Neural Network Models
This addresses the problem of expensive neural network training for practitioners, offering a simple and efficient sparse training approach that is incremental but provides strong speed gains.
The paper tackles the high computational cost of training overparameterized neural networks by introducing Pixelated Butterfly, a sparse training method that uses fixed sparsity patterns based on butterfly matrices to sparsify most layers, achieving up to 2.5x faster training on ImageNet and WikiText-103 with no accuracy drop.
Overparameterized neural networks generalize well but are expensive to train. Ideally, one would like to reduce their computational cost while retaining their generalization benefits. Sparse model training is a simple and promising approach to achieve this, but there remain challenges as existing methods struggle with accuracy loss, slow training runtime, or difficulty in sparsifying all model components. The core problem is that searching for a sparsity mask over a discrete set of sparse matrices is difficult and expensive. To address this, our main insight is to optimize over a continuous superset of sparse matrices with a fixed structure known as products of butterfly matrices. As butterfly matrices are not hardware efficient, we propose simple variants of butterfly (block and flat) to take advantage of modern hardware. Our method (Pixelated Butterfly) uses a simple fixed sparsity pattern based on flat block butterfly and low-rank matrices to sparsify most network layers (e.g., attention, MLP). We empirically validate that Pixelated Butterfly is 3x faster than butterfly and speeds up training to achieve favorable accuracy--efficiency tradeoffs. On the ImageNet classification and WikiText-103 language modeling tasks, our sparse models train up to 2.5x faster than the dense MLP-Mixer, Vision Transformer, and GPT-2 medium with no drop in accuracy.