Automated 3D reconstruction of LoD2 and LoD1 models for all 10 million buildings of the Netherlands
This provides a scalable, consistent 3D building dataset for applications in the Netherlands, though it is incremental as it builds on existing reconstruction methods.
The authors tackled the problem of automatically reconstructing 3D building models for all 10 million buildings in the Netherlands using 2D polygons and LiDAR data, resulting in an open, updatable 3D service with models at different levels of detail.
In this paper we present our workflow to automatically reconstruct 3D building models based on 2D building polygons and a LiDAR point cloud. The workflow generates models at different levels of detail (LoDs) to support data requirements of different applications from one consistent source. Specific attention has been paid to make the workflow robust to quickly run a new iteration in case of improvements in an algorithm or in case new input data become available. The quality of the reconstructed data highly depends on the quality of the input data and is monitored in several steps of the process. A 3D viewer has been developed to view and download the openly available 3D data at different LoDs in different formats. The workflow has been applied to all 10 million buildings of The Netherlands. The 3D service will be updated after new input data becomes available.