Estimation of stellar atmospheric parameters from LAMOST DR8 low-resolution spectra with 20$\leq$SNR$<$30
This work addresses the challenge of accurate parameter estimation for a large volume of low-SNR astronomical spectra, which is incremental as it applies existing machine learning techniques to a specific data bottleneck.
This paper tackled the problem of estimating stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity) from low-resolution spectra with low signal-to-noise ratios (20≤SNR<30) in the LAMOST DR8 dataset, proposing a LASSO-MLP method that reduced mean absolute errors from 137.6 K, 0.195 dex, 0.091 dex to 84.32 K, 0.137 dex, 0.063 dex compared to a baseline.
The accuracy of the estimated stellar atmospheric parameter decreases evidently with the decreasing of spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and there are a huge amount of this kind observations, especially in case of SNR$<$30. Therefore, it is helpful to improve the parameter estimation performance for these spectra and this work studied the ($T_\texttt{eff}, \log~g$, [Fe/H]) estimation problem for LAMOST DR8 low-resolution spectra with 20$\leq$SNR$<$30. We proposed a data-driven method based on machine learning techniques. Firstly, this scheme detected stellar atmospheric parameter-sensitive features from spectra by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), rejected ineffective data components and irrelevant data. Secondly, a Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) method was used to estimate stellar atmospheric parameters from the LASSO features. Finally, the performance of the LASSO-MLP was evaluated by computing and analyzing the consistency between its estimation and the reference from the APOGEE (Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment) high-resolution spectra. Experiments show that the Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) of $T_\texttt{eff}, \log~g$, [Fe/H] are reduced from the LASP (137.6 K, 0.195 dex, 0.091 dex) to LASSO-MLP (84.32 K, 0.137 dex, 0.063 dex), which indicate evident improvements on stellar atmospheric parameter estimation. In addition, this work estimated the stellar atmospheric parameters for 1,162,760 low-resolution spectra with 20$\leq$SNR$<$30 from LAMOST DR8 using LASSO-MLP, and released the estimation catalog, learned model, experimental code, trained model, training data and test data for scientific exploration and algorithm study.