DeepGraviLens: a Multi-Modal Architecture for Classifying Gravitational Lensing Data
This work addresses the challenge of analyzing gravitational lensing in astrophysics, enabling faster processing of large-scale data from upcoming surveys like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, though it is incremental as it builds on existing machine learning approaches.
The paper tackles the problem of classifying gravitational lensing data by introducing DeepGraviLens, a multi-modal network that processes both images and time-series data, achieving accuracy improvements of approximately 3% to 11% over state-of-the-art methods across different datasets.
Gravitational lensing is the relativistic effect generated by massive bodies, which bend the space-time surrounding them. It is a deeply investigated topic in astrophysics and allows validating theoretical relativistic results and studying faint astrophysical objects that would not be visible otherwise. In recent years Machine Learning methods have been applied to support the analysis of the gravitational lensing phenomena by detecting lensing effects in data sets consisting of images associated with brightness variation time series. However, the state-of-art approaches either consider only images and neglect time-series data or achieve relatively low accuracy on the most difficult data sets. This paper introduces DeepGraviLens, a novel multi-modal network that classifies spatio-temporal data belonging to one non-lensed system type and three lensed system types. It surpasses the current state of the art accuracy results by $\approx 3\%$ to $\approx 11\%$, depending on the considered data set. Such an improvement will enable the acceleration of the analysis of lensed objects in upcoming astrophysical surveys, which will exploit the petabytes of data collected, e.g., from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.