Methodology to Create Analysis-Naive Holdout Records as well as Train and Test Records for Machine Learning Analyses in Healthcare
This addresses the need for preserving data for future validation and research in healthcare ML, but it is incremental as it builds on existing cross-validation techniques.
The paper tackles the problem of creating analysis-naive holdout records for machine learning in healthcare by proposing a modified k-fold cross-validation method, resulting in a methodology that efficiently enables three-way splits into holdout, test, and training sets without forcing.
It is common for researchers to holdout data from a study pool to be used for external validation as well as for future research, and the same desire is true to those using machine learning modeling research. For this discussion, the purpose of the holdout sample it is preserve data for research studies that will be analysis-naive and randomly selected from the full dataset. Analysis-naive are records that are not used for testing or training machine learning (ML) models and records that do not participate in any aspect of the current machine learning study. The methodology suggested for creating holdouts is a modification of k-fold cross validation, which takes into account randomization and efficiently allows a three-way split (holdout, test and training) as part of the method without forcing. The paper also provides a working example using set of automated functions in Python and some scenarios for applicability in healthcare.