Improving Pseudo Labels With Intra-Class Similarity for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
This work addresses domain shift in unsupervised domain adaptation, an incremental improvement for tasks like image classification where labeled data is scarce in target domains.
The paper tackles the problem of inaccurate pseudo labels in unsupervised domain adaptation by proposing a method that iteratively improves coarse pseudo labels using intra-class similarity, leading to more discriminative and domain-invariant features and boosting pseudo label accuracy compared to conventional baselines.
Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) transfers knowledge from a label-rich source domain to a different but related fully-unlabeled target domain. To address the problem of domain shift, more and more UDA methods adopt pseudo labels of the target samples to improve the generalization ability on the target domain. However, inaccurate pseudo labels of the target samples may yield suboptimal performance with error accumulation during the optimization process. Moreover, once the pseudo labels are generated, how to remedy the generated pseudo labels is far from explored. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve the accuracy of the pseudo labels in the target domain. It first generates coarse pseudo labels by a conventional UDA method. Then, it iteratively exploits the intra-class similarity of the target samples for improving the generated coarse pseudo labels, and aligns the source and target domains with the improved pseudo labels. The accuracy improvement of the pseudo labels is made by first deleting dissimilar samples, and then using spanning trees to eliminate the samples with the wrong pseudo labels in the intra-class samples. We have applied the proposed approach to several conventional UDA methods as an additional term. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can boost the accuracy of the pseudo labels and further lead to more discriminative and domain invariant features than the conventional baselines.