Revising Image-Text Retrieval via Multi-Modal Entailment
This addresses data quality issues in image-text retrieval for AI researchers, but it is incremental as it builds on existing datasets and methods.
The paper tackled the problem of many-to-many matching in image-text retrieval datasets, where captions can fit multiple images, by proposing a multi-modal entailment classifier to add weak labels and a learning rate strategy, resulting in about 78% classifier accuracy and improved baseline performance.
An outstanding image-text retrieval model depends on high-quality labeled data. While the builders of existing image-text retrieval datasets strive to ensure that the caption matches the linked image, they cannot prevent a caption from fitting other images. We observe that such a many-to-many matching phenomenon is quite common in the widely-used retrieval datasets, where one caption can describe up to 178 images. These large matching-lost data not only confuse the model in training but also weaken the evaluation accuracy. Inspired by visual and textual entailment tasks, we propose a multi-modal entailment classifier to determine whether a sentence is entailed by an image plus its linked captions. Subsequently, we revise the image-text retrieval datasets by adding these entailed captions as additional weak labels of an image and develop a universal variable learning rate strategy to teach a retrieval model to distinguish the entailed captions from other negative samples. In experiments, we manually annotate an entailment-corrected image-text retrieval dataset for evaluation. The results demonstrate that the proposed entailment classifier achieves about 78% accuracy and consistently improves the performance of image-text retrieval baselines.