InfraRed Investigation in Singapore (IRIS) Observatory: Urban heat island contributors and mitigators analysis using neighborhood-scale thermal imaging
It addresses urban heat island effects for city planners and environmental researchers, but is incremental in applying existing thermal imaging methods to a specific urban context.
This paper analyzed contributors and mitigators of urban heat islands using thermal imaging and weather data in Singapore, finding that concrete walls are significant contributors due to nighttime longwave radiation, while vegetation acts as an effective mitigator through evapotranspiration.
This paper studies heat fluxes from contributors and mitigators of urban heat islands using thermal images and weather data. Thermal images were collected from an observatory operating on the rooftop of a building between November 2021 and April 2022. Over the same period, an automatic weather station network was used to measure weather conditions at several locations on a university campus in Singapore. From data collected by the observatory and the automatic weather station network, a method was developed to estimate the heat emitted by building facades, vegetation, and traffic. Before performing the analysis of urban heat fluxes, it was observed that the surface temperature collected from the observatory is sensitive to some variables. After the sensitivity analysis, thermal images were calibrated against measurements of the surface temperature in an outdoor environment. Finally, several contributors and mitigators of urban heat islands were analyzed from heat fluxes assessed with thermal images and weather data. According to thermal images collected by the rooftop observatory, concrete walls are an important contributor to urban heat islands due to the longwave radiation they emit at night. Vegetation, on the other hand, seems to be an effective mitigator because of latent heat fluxes generated by evapotranspiration. Traffic looks to be a negligible source of heat if considered over a small portion of a road. In the future, more efforts can be made to estimate the magnitude of the heat released by an air-conditioning system from thermal images.