Neural signature kernels as infinite-width-depth-limits of controlled ResNets
This work provides theoretical insights into the behavior of deep neural architectures, extending prior results to controlled and homogeneous settings, but it is incremental as it builds on existing frameworks.
The authors tackled the problem of understanding the infinite-width-depth limits of controlled ResNets, showing they converge to Gaussian processes with kernels called neural signature kernels, which satisfy specific PDEs and reduce to signature kernels in a homogeneous case.
Motivated by the paradigm of reservoir computing, we consider randomly initialized controlled ResNets defined as Euler-discretizations of neural controlled differential equations (Neural CDEs), a unified architecture which enconpasses both RNNs and ResNets. We show that in the infinite-width-depth limit and under proper scaling, these architectures converge weakly to Gaussian processes indexed on some spaces of continuous paths and with kernels satisfying certain partial differential equations (PDEs) varying according to the choice of activation function, extending the results of Hayou (2022); Hayou & Yang (2023) to the controlled and homogeneous case. In the special, homogeneous, case where the activation is the identity, we show that the equation reduces to a linear PDE and the limiting kernel agrees with the signature kernel of Salvi et al. (2021a). We name this new family of limiting kernels neural signature kernels. Finally, we show that in the infinite-depth regime, finite-width controlled ResNets converge in distribution to Neural CDEs with random vector fields which, depending on whether the weights are shared across layers, are either time-independent and Gaussian or behave like a matrix-valued Brownian motion.