Visual Referential Games Further the Emergence of Disentangled Representations
This work addresses the problem of understanding and improving systematic generalization in AI agents for researchers in machine learning and language emergence, though it is incremental in extending existing metrics.
The paper investigates the relationship between compositionality in emergent languages, disentanglement in learned representations, and systematicity in visual referential games, finding that Obverter-based games outperform state-of-the-art unsupervised methods on disentanglement metrics and proposing an extended metric for better discrimination of compositional languages.
Natural languages are powerful tools wielded by human beings to communicate information. Among their desirable properties, compositionality has been the main focus in the context of referential games and variants, as it promises to enable greater systematicity to the agents which would wield it. The concept of disentanglement has been shown to be of paramount importance to learned representations that generalise well in deep learning, and is thought to be a necessary condition to enable systematicity. Thus, this paper investigates how do compositionality at the level of the emerging languages, disentanglement at the level of the learned representations, and systematicity relate to each other in the context of visual referential games. Firstly, we find that visual referential games that are based on the Obverter architecture outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised learning approach in terms of many major disentanglement metrics. Secondly, we expand the previously proposed Positional Disentanglement (PosDis) metric for compositionality to (re-)incorporate some concerns pertaining to informativeness and completeness features found in the Mutual Information Gap (MIG) disentanglement metric it stems from. This extension allows for further discrimination between the different kind of compositional languages that emerge in the context of Obverter-based referential games, in a way that neither the referential game accuracy nor previous metrics were able to capture. Finally we investigate whether the resulting (emergent) systematicity, as measured by zero-shot compositional learning tests, correlates with any of the disentanglement and compositionality metrics proposed so far. Throughout the training process, statically significant correlation coefficients can be found both positive and negative depending on the moment of the measure.