Asymmetric quantum decision-making
This work addresses disparities in decision-making systems for responsible AI, though it is incremental as it builds on existing quantum methods.
The study tackled the problem of symmetric joint decisions in quantum collective decision-making by theoretically and numerically investigating asymmetric collective decision-making using quantum interference of photons carrying orbital angular momentum or entangled photons, successfully realizing asymmetry but with inevitable photon loss. It analytically formulated the available range of asymmetry and methods to achieve the desired degree.
Collective decision-making is crucial to information and communication systems. Decision conflicts among agents hinder the maximization of potential utilities of the entire system. Quantum processes can realize conflict-free joint decisions among two agents using the entanglement of photons or quantum interference of orbital angular momentum (OAM). However, previous studies have always presented symmetric resultant joint decisions. Although this property helps maintain and preserve equality, it cannot resolve disparities. Global challenges, such as ethics and equity, are recognized in the field of responsible artificial intelligence as responsible research and innovation paradigm. Thus, decision-making systems must not only preserve existing equality but also tackle disparities. This study theoretically and numerically investigates asymmetric collective decision-making using quantum interference of photons carrying OAM or entangled photons. Although asymmetry is successfully realized, a photon loss is inevitable in the proposed models. The available range of asymmetry and method for obtaining the desired degree of asymmetry are analytically formulated.