Modeling T1 Resting-State MRI Variants Using Convolutional Neural Networks in Diagnosis of OCD
This work addresses the diagnosis of mental disorders like OCD using neuroimaging, but it is incremental as it applies existing CNN methods to new data with limited success for OCD.
The study used convolutional neural networks (ResNet50 and MobileNet) on T1 resting-state MRI scans to diagnose mental disorders, achieving 88.75% accuracy for major depressive disorder and 82.08% for schizophrenia, but only 54.4% for obsessive-compulsive disorder, providing evidence for the p-factor theory of mental disorders.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) presents itself as a highly debilitating disorder. The disorder has common associations with the prefrontal cortex and the glutamate receptor known as Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5). This receptor has been observed to demonstrate higher levels of signaling from positron emission tomography scans measured by its distribution volume ratios in mice. Despite this evidence, studies are unable to fully verify the involvement of mGluR5 as more empirical data is needed. Computational modeling methods were used as a means of validation for previous hypotheses involving mGluR5. The inadequacies in relation to the causal factor of OCD were answered by utilizing T1 resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (TRS-MRI) scans of patients suffering from schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Because comorbid cases often occur within these disorders, cross-comparative abilities become necessary to find distinctive characteristics. Two-dimensional convolutional neural networks alongside ResNet50 and MobileNet models were constructed and evaluated for efficiency. Activation heatmaps of TRS-MRI scans were outputted, allowing for transcriptomics analysis. Though, a lack of ability to predict OCD cases prevented gene expression analysis. Across all models, there was an 88.75% validation accuracy for MDD, and 82.08% validation accuracy for SZD under the framework of ResNet50 as well as novel computation. OCD yielded an accuracy rate of around 54.4%. These results provided further evidence for the p-factor theory regarding mental disorders. Future work involves the application of alternate transfer learning networks than those used in this paper to bolster accuracy rates.