Continuum Limits of Ollivier's Ricci Curvature on data clouds: pointwise consistency and global lower bounds
This provides theoretical foundations for estimating manifold curvature from data, with applications in manifold learning and graph analysis.
The paper establishes that Ollivier's discrete Ricci curvature on random geometric graphs converges to the manifold's curvature, proving pointwise consistency and showing that positive Ricci curvature bounds on the manifold are inherited by the graph with high probability.
Let $M$ denote a low-dimensional manifold embedded in Euclidean space and let ${X}= \{ x_1, \dots, x_n \}$ be a collection of points uniformly sampled from it. We study the relationship between the curvature of a random geometric graph built from ${X}$ and the curvature of the manifold $M$ via continuum limits of Ollivier's discrete Ricci curvature. We prove pointwise, non-asymptotic consistency results and also show that if $M$ has Ricci curvature bounded from below by a positive constant, then the random geometric graph will inherit this global structural property with high probability. We discuss applications of the global discrete curvature bounds to contraction properties of heat kernels on graphs, as well as implications for manifold learning from data clouds. In particular, we show that our consistency results allow for estimating the intrinsic curvature of a manifold by first estimating concrete extrinsic quantities.