GIST: Generating Image-Specific Text for Fine-grained Object Classification
This addresses a bottleneck in applying vision-language models to fine-grained classification tasks across domains, though it is incremental relative to existing methods.
The paper tackles the problem of fine-tuning vision-language models for fine-grained image classification when paired text descriptions are unavailable, by proposing GIST to generate image-specific text descriptions and using them to improve classification accuracy by an average of 4.1% over CLIP linear probes.
Recent vision-language models outperform vision-only models on many image classification tasks. However, because of the absence of paired text/image descriptions, it remains difficult to fine-tune these models for fine-grained image classification. In this work, we propose a method, GIST, for generating image-specific fine-grained text descriptions from image-only datasets, and show that these text descriptions can be used to improve classification. Key parts of our method include 1. prompting a pretrained large language model with domain-specific prompts to generate diverse fine-grained text descriptions for each class and 2. using a pretrained vision-language model to match each image to label-preserving text descriptions that capture relevant visual features in the image. We demonstrate the utility of GIST by fine-tuning vision-language models on the image-and-generated-text pairs to learn an aligned vision-language representation space for improved classification. We evaluate our learned representation space in full-shot and few-shot scenarios across four diverse fine-grained classification datasets, each from a different domain. Our method achieves an average improvement of $4.1\%$ in accuracy over CLIP linear probes and an average of $1.1\%$ improvement in accuracy over the previous state-of-the-art image-text classification method on the full-shot datasets. Our method achieves similar improvements across few-shot regimes. Code is available at https://github.com/emu1729/GIST.