DifAttack: Query-Efficient Black-Box Attack via Disentangled Feature Space
This work addresses the challenge of generating effective adversarial examples with limited queries for black-box models, offering a novel approach that improves upon existing methods in specific attack scenarios.
The paper tackles the problem of efficient black-box adversarial attacks by introducing DifAttack, which uses a disentangled feature space to separate adversarial and visual features, achieving higher attack success rates and better query efficiency, especially in targeted and open-set scenarios.
This work investigates efficient score-based black-box adversarial attacks with a high Attack Success Rate (ASR) and good generalizability. We design a novel attack method based on a Disentangled Feature space, called DifAttack, which differs significantly from the existing ones operating over the entire feature space. Specifically, DifAttack firstly disentangles an image's latent feature into an adversarial feature and a visual feature, where the former dominates the adversarial capability of an image, while the latter largely determines its visual appearance. We train an autoencoder for the disentanglement by using pairs of clean images and their Adversarial Examples (AEs) generated from available surrogate models via white-box attack methods. Eventually, DifAttack iteratively optimizes the adversarial feature according to the query feedback from the victim model until a successful AE is generated, while keeping the visual feature unaltered. In addition, due to the avoidance of using surrogate models' gradient information when optimizing AEs for black-box models, our proposed DifAttack inherently possesses better attack capability in the open-set scenario, where the training dataset of the victim model is unknown. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves significant improvements in ASR and query efficiency simultaneously, especially in the targeted attack and open-set scenarios. The code is available at https://github.com/csjunjun/DifAttack.git.