Enabling Intelligent Vehicular Networks Through Distributed Learning in the Non-Terrestrial Networks 6G Vision
This work addresses latency-critical vehicular applications in 6G networks, but it appears incremental as it combines existing methods like federated, split, and transfer learning.
The paper tackles the challenge of meeting stringent latency, energy, and security requirements in 6G-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems by proposing Federated Split Transfer Learning (FSTL) for joint air-ground networks, with simulations showing significant improvements in resource-constrained vehicular scenarios.
The forthcoming 6G-enabled Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is set to redefine conventional transportation networks with advanced intelligent services and applications. These technologies, including edge computing, Machine Learning (ML), and network softwarization, pose stringent requirements for latency, energy efficiency, and user data security. Distributed Learning (DL), such as Federated Learning (FL), is essential to meet these demands by distributing the learning process at the network edge. However, traditional FL approaches often require substantial resources for satisfactory learning performance. In contrast, Transfer Learning (TL) and Split Learning (SL) have shown effectiveness in enhancing learning efficiency in resource-constrained wireless scenarios like ITS. Non-terrestrial Networks (NTNs) have recently acquired a central place in the 6G vision, especially for boosting the coverage, capacity, and resilience of traditional terrestrial facilities. Air-based NTN layers, such as High Altitude Platforms (HAPs), can have added advantages in terms of reduced transmission distances and flexible deployments and thus can be exploited to enable intelligent solutions for latency-critical vehicular scenarios. With this motivation, in this work, we introduce the concept of Federated Split Transfer Learning (FSTL) in joint air-ground networks for resource-constrained vehicular scenarios. Simulations carried out in vehicular scenarios validate the efficacy of FSTL on HAPs in NTN, demonstrating significant improvements in addressing the demands of ITS applications.