Computational analyses of linguistic features with schizophrenic and autistic traits along with formal thought disorders
This work addresses the challenge of quantifying FTD symptoms in developmental and psychiatric disorders like autism and schizophrenia, providing insights for clinical assessment, but it is incremental as it applies existing methods to a new dataset.
This paper tackled the problem of analyzing linguistic features to understand Formal Thought Disorder (FTD) in relation to schizophrenic and autistic traits, using a Japanese audio-report dataset. It found that an FTD-related odd speech subscale correlated with both total SPQ and SRS scores, longer speech about negative memories elicited more FTD symptoms, and function words with abstract and temporal features were critical for FTD estimation.
[See full abstract in the pdf] Formal Thought Disorder (FTD), which is a group of symptoms in cognition that affects language and thought, can be observed through language. FTD is seen across such developmental or psychiatric disorders as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Schizophrenia, and its related Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD). This paper collected a Japanese audio-report dataset with score labels related to ASD and SPD through a crowd-sourcing service from the general population. We measured language characteristics with the 2nd edition of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS2) and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), including an odd speech subscale from SPQ to quantify the FTD symptoms. We investigated the following four research questions through machine-learning-based score predictions: (RQ1) How are schizotypal and autistic measures correlated? (RQ2) What is the most suitable task to elicit FTD symptoms? (RQ3) Does the length of speech affect the elicitation of FTD symptoms? (RQ4) Which features are critical for capturing FTD symptoms? We confirmed that an FTD-related subscale, odd speech, was significantly correlated with both the total SPQ and SRS scores, although they themselves were not correlated significantly. Our regression analysis indicated that longer speech about a negative memory elicited more FTD symptoms. The ablation study confirmed the importance of function words and both the abstract and temporal features for FTD-related odd speech estimation. In contrast, content words were effective only in the SRS predictions, and content words were effective only in the SPQ predictions, a result that implies the differences between SPD-like and ASD-like symptoms. Data and programs used in this paper can be found here: https://sites.google.com/view/sagatake/resource.