The Opaque Law of Artificial Intelligence
It addresses the problem of AI accountability for legal scholars and policymakers, but is incremental as it applies known methods to a new interdisciplinary context.
This paper analyzes the opacity of AI algorithms in the context of legal responsibility, using a conversational methodology based on the Turing Test to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in human-machine interactions, and discusses existing legal solutions including the EU AI Act.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opacity of algorithms, contextualized in the open debate on responsibility for artificial intelligence causation; with an experimental approach by which, applying the proposed conversational methodology of the Turing Test, we expect to evaluate the performance of one of the best existing NLP model of generative AI (Chat-GPT) to see how far it can go right now and how the shape of a legal regulation of it could be. The analysis of the problem will be supported by a comment of Italian classical law categories such as causality, intent and fault to understand the problem of the usage of AI, focusing in particular on the human-machine interaction. On the computer science side, for a technical point of view of the logic used to craft these algorithms, in the second chapter will be proposed a practical interrogation of Chat-GPT aimed at finding some critical points of the functioning of AI. The end of the paper will concentrate on some existing legal solutions which can be applied to the problem, plus a brief description of the approach proposed by EU Artificial Intelligence act.