Othello is Solved
This solves a long-standing grand challenge in computer science for game theory and AI researchers, providing a definitive solution to Othello.
The paper tackled the problem of solving the game of Othello, proving computationally that perfect play by both players results in a draw, with the game having approximately 10^58 possible records and 10^28 positions.
The game of Othello is one of the world's most complex and popular games that has yet to be computationally solved. Othello has roughly ten octodecillion (10 to the 58th power) possible game records and ten octillion (10 to the 28th power) possible game positions. The challenge of solving Othello, determining the outcome of a game with no mistake made by either player, has long been a grand challenge in computer science. This paper announces a significant milestone: Othello is now solved. It is computationally proved that perfect play by both players lead to a draw. Strong Othello software has long been built using heuristically designed search techniques. Solving a game provides a solution that enables the software to play the game perfectly.