Revisiting Quantum Algorithms for Linear Regressions: Quadratic Speedups without Data-Dependent Parameters
This work addresses a fundamental linear algebra problem for researchers in quantum computing and machine learning, offering a significant improvement over prior quantum methods by removing parameter dependencies.
The paper tackles the problem of linear regression by developing a quantum algorithm that achieves a quadratic speedup in n over classical lower bounds, with a runtime of Õ(ε^{-1}√n d^{1.5}) + poly(d/ε), and eliminates dependence on data-dependent parameters like condition number, while also generalizing to multiple and ridge regression.
Linear regression is one of the most fundamental linear algebra problems. Given a dense matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times d}$ and a vector $b$, the goal is to find $x'$ such that $ \| Ax' - b \|_2^2 \leq (1+ε) \min_{x} \| A x - b \|_2^2 $. The best classical algorithm takes $O(nd) + \mathrm{poly}(d/ε)$ time [Clarkson and Woodruff STOC 2013, Nelson and Nguyen FOCS 2013]. On the other hand, quantum linear regression algorithms can achieve exponential quantum speedups, as shown in [Wang Phys. Rev. A 96, 012335, Kerenidis and Prakash ITCS 2017, Chakraborty, Gily{é}n and Jeffery ICALP 2019]. However, the running times of these algorithms depend on some quantum linear algebra-related parameters, such as $κ(A)$, the condition number of $A$. In this work, we develop a quantum algorithm that runs in $\widetilde{O}(ε^{-1}\sqrt{n}d^{1.5}) + \mathrm{poly}(d/ε)$ time. It provides a quadratic quantum speedup in $n$ over the classical lower bound without any dependence on data-dependent parameters. In addition, we also show our result can be generalized to multiple regression and ridge linear regression.