A Payne-Whitham model of urban traffic networks in the presence of traffic lights and its application to traffic optimisation
For urban traffic engineers, this provides a macroscopic simulation tool for optimizing traffic signals in complex networks, though the approach is incremental.
The paper extends the Payne-Whitham model to urban traffic networks with arbitrary road graphs and traffic lights, and uses surrogate models with Differential Evolution to optimize signal settings, achieving improved average speed and reduced queue lengths.
Urban road transport is a major civilisational and economic challenge, affecting the quality of life and economic activity. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach and sustainable urban planning strategies to mitigate the negative effects of traffic in cities. In this paper, we introduce an extension of one of the most popular macroscopic traffic simulation models, the Payne-Whitham model. We investigate how this model, originally designed to model highway traffic on straight road segments, can be adapted to more realistic conditions with arbitrary road network graphs and multiple intersections with traffic signals. Furthermore, we showcase the practical application of this extension in experiments aimed at optimising traffic signal settings. For computational reasons, these experiments involve the adoption of surrogate models for approximating our extended Payne-Whitham model, and subsequently, we utilise the Differential Evolution optimization algorithm, resulting in the identification of traffic signal settings that enhance the average speed of cars and decrease the total length of queues, thereby facilitating smoother traffic flow.