AFSD-Physics: Exploring the governing equations of temperature evolution during additive friction stir deposition by a human-AI teaming approach
This work addresses the early-stage modeling challenges in AFSD, an emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology, by providing interpretable models for tool temperature control and process optimization.
This paper tackled the problem of modeling temperature evolution during additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) by developing AFSD-Physics, a human-AI teaming approach that learns governing equations from in-process measurements, resulting in physically interpretable models with high accuracy and good agreement with experimental data.
This paper presents a modeling effort to explore the underlying physics of temperature evolution during additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) by a human-AI teaming approach. AFSD is an emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology that deposits materials without melting. However, both process modeling and modeling of the AFSD tool are at an early stage. In this paper, a human-AI teaming approach is proposed to combine models based on first principles with AI. The resulting human-informed machine learning method, denoted as AFSD-Physics, can effectively learn the governing equations of temperature evolution at the tool and the build from in-process measurements. Experiments are designed and conducted to collect in-process measurements for the deposition of aluminum 7075 with a total of 30 layers. The acquired governing equations are physically interpretable models with low computational cost and high accuracy. Model predictions show good agreement with the measurements. Experimental validation with new process parameters demonstrates the model's generalizability and potential for use in tool temperature control and process optimization.