Contingency Analysis of a Grid of Connected EVs for Primary Frequency Control of an Industrial Microgrid Using Efficient Control Scheme
This addresses grid reliability for industrial microgrids by leveraging EVs for primary frequency control, but it is incremental as it builds on existing Vehicle-to-Grid concepts with specific scenario testing.
The paper tackles frequency regulation in an industrial microgrid using electric vehicles (EVs) as a flexible resource, proposing a control scheme that enables bidirectional power flow and demonstrates through simulations that increasing the number of EVs in a fleet can further enhance frequency stability.
After over a century of internal combustion engines ruling the transport sector, electric vehicles appear to be on the verge of gaining traction due to a slew of advantages, including lower operating costs and lower CO2 emissions. By using the Vehicle-to-Grid (or Grid-to-Vehicle if Electric vehicles (EVs) are utilized as load) approach, EVs can operate as both a load and a source. Primary frequency regulation and congestion management are two essential characteristics of this technology that are added to an industrial microgrid. Industrial Microgrids are made up of different energy sources such as wind farms and PV farms, storage systems, and loads. EVs have gained a lot of interest as a technique for frequency management because of their ability to regulate quickly. Grid reliability depends on this quick reaction. Different contingency, state of charge of the electric vehicles, and a varying number of EVs in an EV fleet are considered in this work, and a proposed control scheme for frequency management is presented. This control scheme enables bidirectional power flow, allowing for primary frequency regulation during the various scenarios that an industrial microgrid may encounter over the course of a 24-h period. The presented controller will provide dependable frequency regulation support to the industrial microgrid during contingencies, as will be demonstrated by simulation results, achieving a more reliable system. However, simulation results will show that by increasing a number of the EVs in a fleet for the Vehicle-to-Grid approach, an industrial microgridś frequency can be enhanced even further.