A Quantitative Discourse Analysis of Asian Workers in the US Historical Newspapers
This research supplements qualitative analyses of racism in the US with quantitative methods, addressing a relatively understudied topic in historical discourse.
The study applied computational text analysis to examine the representation of Asian workers in US historical newspapers, finding that the term 'coolie' had distinct semantic meanings in certain states and that Confederate and Union newspapers formed different discourses, with Confederate papers linking 'coolie' to slavery-related words.
Warning: This paper contains examples of offensive language targetting marginalized population. The digitization of historical texts invites researchers to explore the large-scale corpus of historical texts with computational methods. In this study, we present computational text analysis on a relatively understudied topic of how Asian workers are represented in historical newspapers in the United States. We found that the word "coolie" was semantically different in some States (e.g., Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Wyoming, Oklahoma, and Arkansas) with the different discourses around coolie. We also found that then-Confederate newspapers and then-Union newspapers formed distinctive discourses by measuring over-represented words. Newspapers from then-Confederate States associated coolie with slavery-related words. In addition, we found Asians were perceived to be inferior to European immigrants and subjected to the target of racism. This study contributes to supplementing the qualitative analysis of racism in the United States with quantitative discourse analysis.