Robustness of Deep Neural Networks for Micro-Doppler Radar Classification
This work addresses robustness issues in deep learning for radar classification, which is incremental as it applies known adversarial training methods to a specific domain.
The study evaluated the robustness of two deep convolutional neural networks for micro-Doppler radar classification, finding they were sensitive to temporal shifts and adversarial examples due to overfitting, but training with adversarial and augmented data improved generalization, and models using cadence-velocity diagrams were more resistant to attacks.
With the great capabilities of deep classifiers for radar data processing come the risks of learning dataset-specific features that do not generalize well. In this work, the robustness of two deep convolutional architectures, trained and tested on the same data, is evaluated. When standard training practice is followed, both classifiers exhibit sensitivity to subtle temporal shifts of the input representation, an augmentation that carries minimal semantic content. Furthermore, the models are extremely susceptible to adversarial examples. Both small temporal shifts and adversarial examples are a result of a model overfitting on features that do not generalize well. As a remedy, it is shown that training on adversarial examples and temporally augmented samples can reduce this effect and lead to models that generalise better. Finally, models operating on cadence-velocity diagram representation rather than Doppler-time are demonstrated to be naturally more immune to adversarial examples.