A Hierarchical Federated Learning Approach for the Internet of Things
This work addresses communication and data issues in IoT systems, offering an incremental improvement over existing hierarchical federated learning methods.
The paper tackles challenges in federated learning for large-scale IoT deployments, such as geographic span and data heterogeneity, by proposing QHetFed, which achieves high accuracy and fast convergence, outperforming other hierarchical algorithms, especially with heterogeneous data.
This paper presents a novel federated learning solution, QHetFed, suitable for large-scale Internet of Things deployments, addressing the challenges of large geographic span, communication resource limitation, and data heterogeneity. QHetFed is based on hierarchical federated learning over multiple device sets, where the learning process and learning parameters take the necessary data quantization and the data heterogeneity into consideration to achieve high accuracy and fast convergence. Unlike conventional hierarchical federated learning algorithms, the proposed approach combines gradient aggregation in intra-set iterations with model aggregation in inter-set iterations. We offer a comprehensive analytical framework to evaluate its optimality gap and convergence rate, and give a closed form expression for the optimal learning parameters under a deadline, that accounts for communication and computation times. Our findings reveal that QHetFed consistently achieves high learning accuracy and significantly outperforms other hierarchical algorithms, particularly in scenarios with heterogeneous data distributions.