Pilot Contamination in Massive MIMO Systems: Challenges and Future Prospects
This addresses a critical bottleneck in 5G and beyond communication systems for improving network performance, but it is an incremental review paper.
The paper reviews challenges in massive MIMO systems where pilot contamination from reused sequences limits spectral efficiency, and it categorizes and compares existing mitigation techniques like pilot assignment and signal processing methods.
Massive multiple input multiple output (M-MIMO) technology plays a pivotal role in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond communication systems, offering a wide range of benefits, from increased spectral efficiency (SE) to enhanced energy efficiency and higher reliability. However, these advantages are contingent upon precise channel state information (CSI) availability at the base station (BS). Ensuring precise CSI is challenging due to the constrained size of the coherence interval and the resulting limitations on pilot sequence length. Therefore, reusing pilot sequences in adjacent cells introduces pilot contamination, hindering SE enhancement. This paper reviews recent advancements and addresses research challenges in mitigating pilot contamination and improving channel estimation, categorizing the existing research into three broader categories: pilot assignment schemes, advanced signal processing methods, and advanced channel estimation techniques. Salient representative pilot mitigation/assignment techniques are analyzed and compared in each category. Lastly, possible future research directions are discussed.