Parallelization of the K-Means Algorithm with Applications to Big Data Clustering
This work addresses the problem of slow clustering times for researchers and practitioners handling large datasets, but it is incremental as it applies existing parallelization techniques to a standard algorithm.
The paper tackles the computational inefficiency of the K-Means algorithm for big data by implementing and comparing two parallelization approaches: an OpenMP flat synchronous method and a GPU-based OpenACC method, resulting in analysis of speed-up and efficiency metrics to quantify performance improvements.
The K-Means clustering using LLoyd's algorithm is an iterative approach to partition the given dataset into K different clusters. The algorithm assigns each point to the cluster based on the following objective function \[\ \min Σ_{i=1}^{n}||x_i-μ_{x_i}||^2\] The serial algorithm involves iterative steps where we compute the distance of each datapoint from the centroids and assign the datapoint to the nearest centroid. This approach is essentially known as the expectation-maximization step. Clustering involves extensive computations to calculate distances at each iteration, which increases as the number of data points increases. This provides scope for parallelism. However, we must ensure that in a parallel process, each thread has access to the updated centroid value and no racing condition exists on any centroid values. We will compare two different approaches in this project. The first approach is an OpenMP flat synchronous method where all processes are run in parallel, and we use synchronization to ensure safe updates of clusters. The second approach we adopt is a GPU based parallelization approach using OpenACC wherein we will try to make use of GPU architecture to parallelize chunks of the algorithm to observe decreased computation time. We will analyze metrics such as speed up, efficiency,time taken with varying data points, and number of processes to compare the two approaches and understand the relative performance improvement we can get.