Alpha-VI DeepONet: A prior-robust variational Bayesian approach for enhancing DeepONets with uncertainty quantification
This work addresses uncertainty quantification challenges in data-driven operator learning for engineering and scientific applications, representing an incremental improvement over existing methods.
The paper tackles the problem of prior misspecification in variational Bayesian DeepONets for operator learning by introducing a framework that uses Rényi's α-divergence instead of Kullback-Leibler divergence, resulting in improved predictive accuracy and uncertainty quantification across mechanical systems.
We introduce a novel deep operator network (DeepONet) framework that incorporates generalised variational inference (GVI) using Rényi's $α$-divergence to learn complex operators while quantifying uncertainty. By incorporating Bayesian neural networks as the building blocks for the branch and trunk networks, our framework endows DeepONet with uncertainty quantification. The use of Rényi's $α$-divergence, instead of the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD), commonly used in standard variational inference, mitigates issues related to prior misspecification that are prevalent in Variational Bayesian DeepONets. This approach offers enhanced flexibility and robustness. We demonstrate that modifying the variational objective function yields superior results in terms of minimising the mean squared error and improving the negative log-likelihood on the test set. Our framework's efficacy is validated across various mechanical systems, where it outperforms both deterministic and standard KLD-based VI DeepONets in predictive accuracy and uncertainty quantification. The hyperparameter $α$, which controls the degree of robustness, can be tuned to optimise performance for specific problems. We apply this approach to a range of mechanics problems, including gravity pendulum, advection-diffusion, and diffusion-reaction systems. Our findings underscore the potential of $α$-VI DeepONet to advance the field of data-driven operator learning and its applications in engineering and scientific domains.