Conformalized Interactive Imitation Learning: Handling Expert Shift and Intermittent Feedback
This addresses the challenge of reliable uncertainty quantification for robots in interactive imitation learning when faced with expert policy changes, though it is incremental as it builds on prior methods like DAgger and conformal prediction.
The paper tackles the problem of handling distribution shifts and intermittent expert feedback in interactive imitation learning by introducing ConformalDAgger, which uses a novel uncertainty quantification algorithm called intermittent quantile tracking (IQT) to actively query for more feedback; in simulated and hardware deployments on a 7DOF robotic manipulator, it detects high uncertainty during expert shifts and increases interventions, enabling faster learning of new behaviors.
In interactive imitation learning (IL), uncertainty quantification offers a way for the learner (i.e. robot) to contend with distribution shifts encountered during deployment by actively seeking additional feedback from an expert (i.e. human) online. Prior works use mechanisms like ensemble disagreement or Monte Carlo dropout to quantify when black-box IL policies are uncertain; however, these approaches can lead to overconfident estimates when faced with deployment-time distribution shifts. Instead, we contend that we need uncertainty quantification algorithms that can leverage the expert human feedback received during deployment time to adapt the robot's uncertainty online. To tackle this, we draw upon online conformal prediction, a distribution-free method for constructing prediction intervals online given a stream of ground-truth labels. Human labels, however, are intermittent in the interactive IL setting. Thus, from the conformal prediction side, we introduce a novel uncertainty quantification algorithm called intermittent quantile tracking (IQT) that leverages a probabilistic model of intermittent labels, maintains asymptotic coverage guarantees, and empirically achieves desired coverage levels. From the interactive IL side, we develop ConformalDAgger, a new approach wherein the robot uses prediction intervals calibrated by IQT as a reliable measure of deployment-time uncertainty to actively query for more expert feedback. We compare ConformalDAgger to prior uncertainty-aware DAgger methods in scenarios where the distribution shift is (and isn't) present because of changes in the expert's policy. We find that in simulated and hardware deployments on a 7DOF robotic manipulator, ConformalDAgger detects high uncertainty when the expert shifts and increases the number of interventions compared to baselines, allowing the robot to more quickly learn the new behavior.