Denoising Diffusion Models for Anomaly Localization in Medical Images
It addresses anomaly localization in medical imaging, which is crucial for diagnostic accuracy, but is incremental as it reviews existing methods rather than presenting new results.
This chapter provides an overview of using denoising diffusion models for anomaly localization in medical images, discussing various supervision schemes and highlighting open challenges like detection bias and domain shift.
This chapter explores anomaly localization in medical images using denoising diffusion models. After providing a brief methodological background of these models, including their application to image reconstruction and their conditioning using guidance mechanisms, we provide an overview of available datasets and evaluation metrics suitable for their application to anomaly localization in medical images. In this context, we discuss supervision schemes ranging from fully supervised segmentation to semi-supervised, weakly supervised, self-supervised, and unsupervised methods, and provide insights into the effectiveness and limitations of these approaches. Furthermore, we highlight open challenges in anomaly localization, including detection bias, domain shift, computational cost, and model interpretability. Our goal is to provide an overview of the current state of the art in the field, outline research gaps, and highlight the potential of diffusion models for robust anomaly localization in medical images.