Wave Network: An Ultra-Small Language Model
This addresses the need for efficient language models in resource-constrained environments, though it is incremental as it focuses on a specific task and model size.
The paper tackles the problem of developing an ultra-small language model for text classification, achieving 91.66% accuracy on AG News with a 2.4-million-parameter model, which is comparable to a 100-million-parameter BERT model while reducing memory usage by 77.34% and training time by 85.62%.
We propose an innovative token representation and update method in a new ultra-small language model: the Wave network. Specifically, we use a complex vector to represent each token, encoding both global and local semantics of the input text. A complex vector consists of two components: a magnitude vector representing the global semantics of the input text, and a phase vector capturing the relationships between individual tokens and global semantics. Experiments on the AG News text classification task demonstrate that, when generating complex vectors from randomly initialized token embeddings, our single-layer Wave Network achieves 90.91% accuracy with wave interference and 91.66% with wave modulation - outperforming a single Transformer layer using BERT pre-trained embeddings by 19.23% and 19.98%, respectively, and approaching the accuracy of the pre-trained and fine-tuned BERT base model (94.64%). Additionally, compared to BERT base, the Wave Network reduces video memory usage and training time by 77.34% and 85.62% during wave modulation. In summary, we used a 2.4-million-parameter small language model to achieve accuracy comparable to a 100-million-parameter BERT model in text classification.