Robot Tasks with Fuzzy Time Requirements from Natural Language Instructions
This work addresses the challenge of making robot programming more accessible to non-experts by handling vague time constraints, though it is incremental as it builds on existing robotics research.
The paper tackles the problem of interpreting fuzzy time requirements in natural language instructions for robots, such as 'start in a few minutes,' by introducing fuzzy skills with satisfaction functions, and finds that trapezoidal functions best approximate user satisfaction, with users being more lenient for future executions.
Natural language allows robot programming to be accessible to everyone. However, the inherent fuzziness in natural language poses challenges for inflexible, traditional robot systems. We focus on instructions with fuzzy time requirements (e.g., "start in a few minutes"). Building on previous robotics research, we introduce fuzzy skills. These define an execution by the robot with so-called satisfaction functions representing vague execution time requirements. Such functions express a user's satisfaction over potential starting times for skill execution. When the robot handles multiple fuzzy skills, the satisfaction function provides a temporal tolerance window for execution, thus, enabling optimal scheduling based on satisfaction. We generalized such functions based on individual user expectations with a user study. The participants rated their satisfaction with an instruction's execution at various times. Our investigations reveal that trapezoidal functions best approximate the users' satisfaction. Additionally, the results suggest that users are more lenient if the execution is specified further into the future.