NoteContrast: Contrastive Language-Diagnostic Pretraining for Medical Text
This work addresses the need for accurate automated diagnostic coding in healthcare to enhance patient care and reduce manual effort, representing an incremental improvement in a domain-specific application.
The paper tackled the problem of automated diagnostic coding of medical notes by developing NoteContrast, a contrastive language-diagnostic pretraining approach that integrates ICD-10 codes and medical text, resulting in improved performance over prior state-of-the-art models on MIMIC-III datasets.
Accurate diagnostic coding of medical notes is crucial for enhancing patient care, medical research, and error-free billing in healthcare organizations. Manual coding is a time-consuming task for providers, and diagnostic codes often exhibit low sensitivity and specificity, whereas the free text in medical notes can be a more precise description of a patients status. Thus, accurate automated diagnostic coding of medical notes has become critical for a learning healthcare system. Recent developments in long-document transformer architectures have enabled attention-based deep-learning models to adjudicate medical notes. In addition, contrastive loss functions have been used to jointly pre-train large language and image models with noisy labels. To further improve the automated adjudication of medical notes, we developed an approach based on i) models for ICD-10 diagnostic code sequences using a large real-world data set, ii) large language models for medical notes, and iii) contrastive pre-training to build an integrated model of both ICD-10 diagnostic codes and corresponding medical text. We demonstrate that a contrastive approach for pre-training improves performance over prior state-of-the-art models for the MIMIC-III-50, MIMIC-III-rare50, and MIMIC-III-full diagnostic coding tasks.