IOHunter: Graph Foundation Model to Uncover Online Information Operations
This work addresses the challenge of identifying malicious actors manipulating public opinion online, with incremental improvements in detection methods for social media platforms.
The paper tackles the problem of detecting users orchestrating information operations on social media by introducing IOHunter, a framework combining Language Models and Graph Neural Networks, which achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple influence campaigns from six countries.
Social media platforms have become vital spaces for public discourse, serving as modern agoràs where a wide range of voices influence societal narratives. However, their open nature also makes them vulnerable to exploitation by malicious actors, including state-sponsored entities, who can conduct information operations (IOs) to manipulate public opinion. The spread of misinformation, false news, and misleading claims threatens democratic processes and societal cohesion, making it crucial to develop methods for the timely detection of inauthentic activity to protect the integrity of online discourse. In this work, we introduce a methodology designed to identify users orchestrating information operations, a.k.a. IO drivers, across various influence campaigns. Our framework, named IOHunter, leverages the combined strengths of Language Models and Graph Neural Networks to improve generalization in supervised, scarcely-supervised, and cross-IO contexts. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple sets of IOs originating from six countries, significantly surpassing existing approaches. This research marks a step toward developing Graph Foundation Models specifically tailored for the task of IO detection on social media platforms.