Enhanced Load Forecasting with GAT-LSTM: Leveraging Grid and Temporal Features
It addresses the need for efficient grid operation and planning, particularly with renewable energy variability, by providing a robust tool for grid management and energy planning.
This paper tackled the problem of accurate power load forecasting for electrical grids by introducing the GAT-LSTM hybrid model, which achieved reductions of 21.8% in MAE, 15.9% in RMSE, and 20.2% in MAPE compared to state-of-the-art models on the Brazilian Electricity System dataset.
Accurate power load forecasting is essential for the efficient operation and planning of electrical grids, particularly given the increased variability and complexity introduced by renewable energy sources. This paper introduces GAT-LSTM, a hybrid model that combines Graph Attention Networks (GAT) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. A key innovation of the model is the incorporation of edge attributes, such as line capacities and efficiencies, into the attention mechanism, enabling it to dynamically capture spatial relationships grounded in grid-specific physical and operational constraints. Additionally, by employing an early fusion of spatial graph embeddings and temporal sequence features, the model effectively learns and predicts complex interactions between spatial dependencies and temporal patterns, providing a realistic representation of the dynamics of power grids. Experimental evaluations on the Brazilian Electricity System dataset demonstrate that the GAT-LSTM model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models, achieving reductions of 21. 8% in MAE, 15. 9% in RMSE and 20. 2% in MAPE. These results underscore the robustness and adaptability of the GAT-LSTM model, establishing it as a powerful tool for applications in grid management and energy planning.